Challenges and Opportunities of Technology Based Instruction in Open and Distance Learning: A Comparative Study of Tanzania and China
Abstract
This paper presents challenges and opportunities of technology based instruction in Open and
Distance Learning (ODL) institutions particularly at the Open University of Tanzania (OUT) and
Center for Continuing and Distance Education (CCDE -China). The paper developed out of a
cross sectional survey design study with a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative
methods to collect and analyze data. A total of 144 (83-OUT; 61-CCDE) respondents from both
institutions were involved in the study with a subpopulation of students, instructors and technical
staffs. Main data instrument was questionnaire followed by focus group discussion. Quantitative
data were analyzed using SPSS v.17, whereas qualitative data were reduced into main themes
and reported accordingly. The findings revealed that CCDE institution is far better than OUT in
the practice of technology based instruction due to some favorable conditions that support
technology based instruction. Either, OUT instructors, have better access to computer and
internet than their students although despite the access, instructors are not active initiators and
implementers of technology based instruction and learning. Generally, participants from both
institutions have positive attitude and even acknowledged the opportunities of using technology
in ODL. There are some challenges which seem to affect both institutions although at a varied
extent, OUT being at a stake than CCDE. The paper concluded by suggesting that OUT should
opt some of the CCDE strategy to successfully implement e-learning. In addition, the use of
blended technology is crucial in increasing the access to e-learning materials especially under
situations like slow internet or lack of internet connectivity.